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boron carbide density is one of the hardest materials known to humankind, coming in third behind diamond and cubic boron nitride. It is used for a wide variety of applications, from tank armor to engine sabotage powders and even for nuclear control rods.

Typical production processes include:

Electric arc furnace and resistance arc furnace methods of synthesis, both of which are suitable for high-temperature reductions in the range of 2000degC. During these first stages, B2O3 is reduced with carbon to produce a mixture of boron ion and carbon monoxide that can be further oxidized by water vapor.

During this second stage, the reduced boron ion is reacted with magnesium to form a high-quality boron carbide. This boron carbide is characterized by its large neutron-absorbing cross section and a p-type thermoelectric property.

Pressureless sintering is another common method of boron carbide production, which involves heating the powder in a furnace to near the melting point and forming it into dense crystalline forms. During this process, sintering aids like alumina, Cr, Co, Ni, and glass are often added.

In contrast, Fiven’s unique production method virtually eliminates the presence of free carbon as graphite in the starting material. This ensures the finished product is highly resistant to oxidation, even when stored for long periods of time.

Low density combined with exceptional mechanical properties, including high hardness and excellent wear resistance make boron carbide a highly appealing material for a wide variety of applications. Ballistic armor is an example of a popular application, where the combination of low density and hardness provide superior protection against high-energy impact. In addition to these applications, boron carbide is also used for special nozzles and abrasion plates for aircraft.